Stott explained that conflict in crowds isn’t created by size or passion alone, but by how groups interpret their interactions with stewards and police. When interventions feel fair, targeted and legitimate, crowds cooperate. When they feel indiscriminate or heavy-handed, identity shifts can rapidly escalate tension.
The session also highlighted the importance of dialogue-led approaches, deeper understanding of supporter culture and the need to tailor safety strategies to each specific match context.
This article provides only a brief overview. ESSMA Members can access the full in-depth article and Professor Stott’s complete presentation on our Publications Page.
